ENGLISH LEARNING
Lecture No.3 Part-II
(d) Also certain other words including:
Arms (weapons), Damages (Compensation), Earnings, Goods/wares, Greens (Vegetables), Grounds, Outskirts, pains (trouble/effort), Particulars, premises/quarters, riches, savings, stairs, surroundings, valuables, congratulations, belongings, contents, particulars.
Incorrect: The surroundings is pleasant one.
Correct: The surrounding are pleasant one.
Incorrect: The robbers made away with the valuable.
Correct: The robbers made away with the valuables.
Incorrect: Abid opened a saving account with the bank.
Correct: Abid opened a savings account with the bank.
Incorrect: His particulars is given below.
Correct: His particulars are given below.
Incorrect: My brother is in the custom department.
Correct: My brother is in the custom department.
(e) Most words ending in 'ics' (e.g. mathematics, physics, electronics, athletics, politics, mechanics, acoustics, ethics, classics) are normally singular uncountable and have no plural use.
ہو عام طور پر واحد استعمال ہوتے ہیں۔icsبعض مضامین کے نام جن کے آخر پر
(i) Too much mathematics is usually taught in schools.
(ii) Mathematics is a difficult subject.
(iii) Mathematics is his weak subject.
(iv) Mechanics is a difficult subject.
(v) Acoustics is the study of sound and hearing.
Note: Some words ending in-ics (e.g. politics, statistics, mathematics) can also have plural uses.
(i) Politics is a complicated business.
(ii) What are you politics?
(iii) Statistics is useful in language testing.
(iv) Mechanics of the trade are difficult to follow.
(v) The unemployment statistics are disturbing
(vi) His mathematics are weak.
(vii) The acoustics of the school are poor.
(f) Words plural in form but singular in meaning include 'news':
ایسے الفاظ جو شکل کے لحاظ سے جمع ہیں مگر دراصل واحد استعمال ہوتے ہیں۔ مثلآ
(i) The news is good.
(ii) lll news runs space.
(a) Names of certain diseases: (بعض بیماریوں کے نام)
Measles, mumps, rickets, shingles, staggers.
(i) Measles/mumps is an infectious disease.
(ii) Staggers is a disease found in horses.
(b) Names of certain games: (بعض کھیلوں کے نام)
(c) Names of some parts of the body: (جسم کے بعض حصے)
Bowels, intestines, entrails etc.
(d) A number of other nouns: (بعض مختلف اسم جیسے)
Annals, Alms, Environs, Eaves, Gallows, Innings, News, Nuptials, Obsequies, Proceeds (of a sale) summons, Tidings, Riches, Thanks.
i) Annals are a record of events in order of time but are divided year by year.
ii) Islambad and its environs are worth a visit.
iii) The nuptials were performed by the local Moulvi.
iv) His obsequies were performed yesterday.
v) The proceeds from the charity auction were better than ever this year.
vi) I received a summons to attend. The summons was served by a bailiff.
vii) The eaves are not yet finished.
viii) I gave alms to the beggar, and for these he thanked me.
ix) Alms are being given to the poor.
x) Riches do not last for ever. Riches do many things.
xi) Our team beat the other by an innings and ten runs.
xii) Our team made 217 runs in its first innings.
xiii) They fixed up a gallows.
xiv) Have you heard the glad tidings?
xv) The tidings are horrible.
Note: 'Wages' when it means payment or salary, it is followed by a plural verb; when it means reward or requital, it is followed by a singular verb.
جمع آتا ہے اور جبverbکے معنی تنخواہ کے ہوں تو اس کے ساتھ wagesجب
واحدآتا ہے ۔ مثلآverbاس کے معنی جزا، انعام یا بدلہ کے ہوں تو اس کے ساتھ
1. His wages are Rs.500 a week.
2. Our wages are paid every thursday.
3. The wages of sin is death.
Note: 'Means' when it refers to 'method' or 'process' it may be followed by either singular or plural verb; when it refers to 'wealth', 'money' or 'resources', it is followed by plural verb.
واحد اور جمع دونوں آسکتے ہیںverbکے معنی طریقہ کے ہوں تو اس کے بعد meansجب
جمع آتا ہے۔verbکے معنی آمدنی کے ہوں تو اس کے بعد meansمگر جب
1. Every means has been tried.
2. All possible means have been tried.
3. There is/are no means of learning what is happening.
4. The quickest means of travel is by plane.
5. He succeeded by this means (or, by these means) in passing the examination.
6. Have you the means to support a family?
7. His means are small, but he has incurred no debt.
------------------------- Third Lecture Part-II the End -----------------------
------------------------- Third Lecture Part-II the End -----------------------
What is Sentence English Learning Lecture No.1?Parts of Speech English Learning Lecture No.2Correction of common errors English Learning Lecture No.3 Part-IVerbs Which Take “Ed” To Form Past And Past Participle Part-1Verbs Which Take “Ed” To Form Past And Past Participle Part-2Verbs Which Take “Ed” To Form Past And Past Participle Part-3Verbs Which Take “Ed” To Form Past And Past Participle Part-4
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(26-SEP-14)
