Showing posts with label health care system. Show all posts
Showing posts with label health care system. Show all posts

Saturday, January 2, 2016

tips for shining and growing hair

Tips for Shining & Growing Hairs

Girls or women wants to long/shining and beautiful hairs and also hair different hair styles, they are worried about their hairs and usage of different useless tips/techniques and tricks but problem does not solve. 

They gets not any fruitful result, in this topic we shared very useful tips & tricks for that women who’s want shining and long hairs, to use these tips to prepare hairs and get beneficial result.

Tips for Hair Growing

  • Use the diet that contained vitamins A, B or C, as these vitamins gives help to grow, longer and strong hairs.
  • Take Brush to your hairs on daily basis.
  • Put olive hair oil on head and massage to hairs slowly, after a one and half hour wash your hairs with minor hot water, this is best way for long, shining & black hairs; this practice is also removed dandruff from your hairs.
  • After taking the bath immediately combing your hairs become cause of hair breakage.
  • Massage of hairs with mix lemon juice and oil mixture.





Friday, January 1, 2016

Muscular system


Muscular system

Muscular systems are an organ system consisting of the skeletal, smooth & cardiac muscles. Its permit movements of the body maintain postures and circulate blood throughout body. The muscular systems in vertebrate are controlled through nervous system although some muscle such as cardiac muscle can be completely autonomous. Together with the skeletal system it forms the musculoskeletal system, which is responsible for movement of the human body.
 

Muscles

Three distinct types of muscles:

The skeletal muscles cardiac/heart muscles and smooths non striated muscles. Muscle provides strength, balances, postures, movements and heats to the body to keep it warm.
Upon the stimulation by action potential skeletal muscles performs coordinated contraction by the shortening each sarcomere, best proposed models for understanding contraction are sliding filament model of muscles contraction, action & myosin fiber overlaps in a contractile motion toward each other. Myosin filament has club shaped head that projects towards action filament.
 

Larger structure along myosin filaments called myosin head is used provided attachments point on bindings site for action filament. The myosin head moves in a coordinated style they swivel towards centers of sarcomere, detach & then reattaches to nearest actives site of action filaments. These are called a ratchet types drive systems. These processes consume large amount of adenosine triphosphates.
 

Energy for this comes from, energy source of cell. ATP binds to cross bridge between myosin head and action filament. The release of the energy power swiveling of myosin heads. Muscle stores little ATP & so must continuously recycle discharged adenosine diphosphate molecule into ATP rapidly. Muscles tissue also contained stored supplies of fastest acting recharges chemical creative phosphate which can assists initially producing rapid regeneration of ADP into ATP.
 

Calcium ion is required for each cycle of sarcomere, calcium are released from sarcoplasmic reticulum into the sarcomerewhen a muscle is stimulated to contract. This calcium uncovers the action binding site. When muscle no longer need to contract, calcium ion is pumped from sarcomere & back into storage in sarcoplasmic reticulum’s.
 

Aerobic muscles activities

The body produce majority of its ATP aerobically in mitochondria without producing lactic acid and other fatiguing byproducts. During exercises the method of ATP productions varies depending on fitness of individuals as well as duration, intensity of exercises. At lower activity level when exercises continued for a long duration several minutes or longer, energy are produce aerobically by combining oxygen with carbohydrate & fats stored in body. Activities that are higher in intensity, with possible duration decreasing as intensity increases, ATP production can switched to anaerobic pathway, such as use of creating phosphates & phosphagen systems & anaerobic glycol sis. 
 
Aerobic ATP production are biochemically much slower & can only use for long duration, low intensity exercises but produce no fatiguing waste product that cannot  remove immediately from sarcomere, bodies & results in much greater numbers of ATP molecule per fats & carbohydrates molecules. Aerobic training allowed oxygen delivery systems to more efficient, allowing aerobic metabolism to begin quicker. 
 
Anaerobic ATP production produce ATP much faster & allowed near maximal intensities exercises, but also produce significant amounts of lactic acid which rendered high intensities exercises unsustainable for greater than several minute. The phosphagen systems are also anaerobic, allowed for highest level of exercises intensities, but intramuscular store of phosphocreatine were very limited and can only provide energy for exercise lasting up to 15 seconds. Recoveries are very quick, with full creating store regenerate within five minutes.

Dysmenorrhea

Its symptom is pain and severe diarrhea with frequently passages of mucus & blood. dysmenorrhea pain at time of menstruation. Discomfort in lower abdomen & pain in things & a general feelings of pressure may occur. The cause vary from anatomic malformations such as an undeveloped wombs, to disturbance of hormones balance. If pains are constant or severe enough to cause nausea, vomiting or headache & to interfere with normal activity, doctor should be consulted. Mental factor also can be responsible for unusual pain. Often, young girl has been prepared inadequately for womanhood. When pains are not severe, the usage of mild sedatives are helpful.
Strenuous exercises immediately before or during or after menstruation has been known to produce a period of pains later on. Thereafter, mostly physicians believes that violent exercises should be avoided.
During mild non habit forming drug is helpful, the use of habit forming drugs are dangerous. The relationship between sex functions and the actions of various glands studied by physcian permit him to prescribe endocrine or glandular product which are helpful in controlling dysmenorrhea.

Dyspnea

The medical terms for difficult & labored breathing. These symptoms occur in attack of asthma, acute laryngitis in children, cancer of throat, weaknesses of heart and other condition.

Wednesday, December 30, 2015

Drug Addiction

          Traffic in drugs constitutes a major problem for the federal authorities, because of the alarming increase in youthful addict for parents as well as teachers.
          The losses of power of self control through drugs addiction are not only harmful to individual concerned but also to society. A drug addicts has such an overwhelming craving for the drug that he does not count the cost of getting it, crime, violence, murder have been price all too often. The addicts developed a tolerance to drug so that increasing dose is necessary in order to produce desired effects. When not under influence of drug the addicts tend more and more to manifest typical disturbance of nervous system. If drug is withdrawn from addicts, characteristics withdrawal symptoms appear, with acute physical pain in addition to such symptom as severe cramp in abdomen and legs, muscular twitching, vomiting and diarrhea. The addicts will be irritable, restless and unable to relax and will breakout in sweat and goose pimples. Rest sleep is difficult or impossible to achieve.
          Treatment for drugs addictions are quite drastic and should be attempted only by qualified medical personnel with adequate facility. The first steps in treatments are withdrawal of drug, abruptly, rapidly or gradually followed by a period of psychotherapy and rehabilitation. This final period should last at least four months otherwise there are an even greater danger of relapse to addiction among most patient, information regarding treatments are available from the health service providers.
          The chief drug used by addict is opium and its derivatives morphine and heroin, cocaine, hashish, and marijuana made from hemp. The wide spread use of bromide and barbiturate, sedative and sleeping spill available to general public has also raised problem. The barbiturate fulfills all requirements of habit forming drug. Overdoses are often fatal. Therefore legal control of sale of the drug has been tightened.

Dust

          Dust fine pulverized powder of dry earth or refuses found all through the atmosphere except perhaps on mountains top and out at sea. An atmospheres free of dusts are far healthier than which is not. Nature and industry produce dust of various kinds against which people cannot wholly protect themselves. In some instance, dust may be disastrously harmful to human being.
          Microscopic particles of pollen dust borne by wind come in contact with the mucous membranes of eye and respiratory tracts and produces symptom of allergy such as seasonal hay fever, hive and other disorder. Industrial dust produced by grinding of metal and in the manufacture of wood product flour, sugar, textile, leather and feather also affects human being.
          DT stands for delirium tremens.
          Duodenum, first portion of small intestine, leading from stomach, it contain the opening of the pancreatic and common bile duct.
          Most dust contains some carbon and other organic matter. Many people sensitive to dusts and has skin reaction when dust come in contact with skin. Other dust, when inhaled irritates windpipe and bronchial tube. Coal dust may get into lungs causing pigmentation and may stimulate production and may stimulates production of fibrous tissue, inorganic dust contains free silica incites silicosis, a special form of change in lungs. In silicosis silica act produce nodules throughout lungs which can detect by x-rays. Lungs damaged in this way are prone to secondary infection, including tuberculosis.
          Asbestosis is a special form of lung disorder in which the magnesium silicate contained in asbestos produces fibrous changes that are different from those caused by pure silica, however, asbestosis and silicosis are much alike, both being form of the lung disorder pneumoconiosis.
          To inhibit inhalation of dust, various form of exhaust system, air conditioning and improve ventilation has been develop. Helmets and breathing device worn by miners and worker employed in operations producing excessive dust have also been helpful.
          Organic dust, like carbon, differ from inorganic dust like carbon differ from inorganic dust in that they do not cause change in the lungs such as are produced by the action of silica. Organic dust particle do not penetrate lung tissue but instead are absorbed into tissue of body.
          Drought area is great dust producer, but immediate health hazard, aside from the relationship between dust storm and secondary pneumonia, are not serious. More harmful is mental and economic hardship suffered by people living in dust bowl region.
The skeletal or voluntary muscles are attached to bone and form the external body contours. Consciously controlled by the brain their main functions are locomotion of the body.
1.                 Sternocleidomastoid
2.                 Trapezius
3.                 Deltoid
4.                 Pectoralis major
5.                 Serratus Anterior
6.                 External Oblique
7.                 Abdominis.
8.                 Rectus Abdominis
9.                 Iliopsoas
10.            Adductor Longus
11.            Gracilis
12.            Sartorius
13.            Vastus Lateralis
14.            Vastus Medialis
15.            Tibialis Anterior
16.            Soleus
17.            Gastrocnemius
18.            Biceps
19.            Flexors of Hand and Wrist
20.            Branchioradialis

Monday, December 28, 2015

Anti fungal Agents

Anti fungal Agents

          Various fungi may attack human body infecting the skin or lungs or indeed other portions of body. One substance which attacks them particularly is griseofulvin but there are other substances derived from chemical such as Iso-par, Asterol, Sterisil and sodium Caprylate. Another are Triacetin and one of the most frequently used is Undecylinic Acid which is commonly called Desitin.

Antimalarial agents

          Malaria is caused by an organism known as the plasmodium which occurs in various forms in the body. Quinine and various derivatives of quinine which have been developed act particularly against the malarial organisms.
          Among the important derivatives are Camoquin, Aralen, Primaquine, Daraprime and Atabrine which were much used during World War II because these drugs are so powerful they are used only when prescribed by a physician and in manner prescribed. Drugs may be used to cure malaria or even taken to prevent malaria.

Antipedicular Agents

          Pediculosis is caused by three varieties of lice, which are commonly called head louse boy louse and they crab louse. A number of drugs have been developed which are especially active against lice and these are called pediculocides. These drugs are applied externally and great care is taken to see that they do not get into the eyes or on the mucous membranes.

Disinfectants and antiseptics

Among the most important of all disinfectants is chlorine. An ideal disinfectant has never been discovered because such a substance would have to have the power to destroy all forms of all infections agents and still not be injurious in any way to human tissue cells or be capable of causing sensitization in human beings. Every antiseptic must, therefore, be used in relationship to its effects not only on the organisims that are to be destroyed but also on the human body. Various antiseptics and disinfectants depend principally on chlorine, mercury, silver, peroxides, carbolic acid, soaps, and similar substances.

Vermifugal Agents

          The human being is susceptible to infestation with a great number of worms, such as the pinworm, the whipworm, the tapeworm, and hookworm, the filarial, and even such strange worms as the loa loa. Drugs have now been developed which can rid the body of these worms but as with the disinfectants and antiseptics, they must be used with great care because of the danger of toxic reactions.

Anticancer Drugs

          Already there are available and in use under controlled conditions in hospitals a number of drugs which can destroy the cells of cancer. These are known as cytotoxic agents. Many of them are highly poisonous and therefore, they must be used only under completely controlled conditions. Among older drugs which have been used in this way are derivatives of arsenic and urethane, also nitrogen mustards and substances derived from folic acid which stop metabolism. X-ray is used to destroy cancer cells and radioactive isotopes may be used directly in contact with cancer cells. There are also hormones like estrogens and testosterone which act against the spread of cancer cells.

Autonomic Drugs

          Certain drugs act particularly against pain in the nerves, against effect of stimuli coming along nerves, and in tissues of brain. One class of these drug is known as autonomic drugs since they are concerned with the effects of nerve impulses coming through autonomic nervous system. This is also known as sympathetic nervous system.
          Some drugs induce responses by the body which mimic the responses which come when stimuli pass laong the nerves of sympathetic nervous system. One of autonomic drugs is amphetamine or Benzedrine. This acts to overcome depression. Its effects are opposed to those of the sedative drugs like the barbiturates. This drug has been found useful in depressing the appetite and it alleviates sleepiness and fatigue; however, it is not desirable to eliminate fatigue by destroying the sensation. The real answer to fatigue is rest. The dangers lie in elimination of warning signal of fatigue in people who are overdoing. There are also the possibilities of habit formation from continued use and finally there is possible dangerous effect on the circulation of the blood.
          Other drug of similar type is Dexedrine, Paredrine, Octin and Isoprel. The number of possibilities is considerable and perhaps a score of drugs acting in a similar way will eventually become available.
          Some drugs are used to constrict the membranes of the nose-as adrenalin and Privine. An appetite Ddestroyer is preludin.

Adrenergic Blocking Agents.

          Drugs have been found which can block the stimuli coming through the sympathetic nervous system. These drugs act to oppose the action of adrenalin. They lower blood pressure by causing dilation of the blood vessels and they stimulate the action of the intestines. Usually they increase the heart rate.
          Among the most well known of these drugs are ergotoxine, erogotamine, piperoxan, and dipenamine.

Cholinergic Agents

          These drugs act to produce effects such as occur when the parasympathetic nerves are stimulated. They can slow the action of the heart, dilate blood vessels, and increase gastrointestinal motion and secretion. Most of these drugs are derived from a substance called choline.

Drugs Used for the Heart

Cardiovascular drugs are those whose action on heart and other portions of blood vessel system affect either total output of heart or distribution of blood to various branches of circulation. Some of these drugs affect rhythm and output of heart; others dilate blood vessels, and still others may act to affect hardening of the arteries.
          Most important of all drugs for heart is digitalis and associated with it a variety of preparation and derivatives.
          Many substances have been discovered which have a specific effect on high blood pressure. All of these are potentially toxic and can be used only when prescribed properly by the physician. One of the best known is hexamethonium, also Apresoline, mannitolhexanitrate, Inversine, Ansolysen, and Metamine.

Central Nervous System

          Many drugs have their principal actions in depressing the central nervous system. These include anesthetic drugs, hypnotics, and sedatives. Here also come the anticonvulsants, the drugs used against cough, and the tranquilizing drugs.
          The analgesics are used to relieve pain. For this purpose morphine is best known, but similar effects are had from milder salicylates like aaspirin and phenacetin. These mild analgesics do not produce addiction and are usually considered safe for sale without a prescription.
          The more powerful drugs which have been developed must be sold only with a prescription.
          Many modifications have been made of opium and its derivatives, including morphine. All of these substances must be prescribed only with the use of a license to prescribe under the Anti Narcotic Act.
          Many persons have become accustomed to taking sedative drugs in order to encourage sleep. There are great numbers of barbituric acid derivatives which are used for this purpose. These are effective as sedatives and are used in insomnia, hysteria, nervousness, mental disturbances, and epilepsy. They act directly on the central nervous system.

Insomnia is of several varieties

          One in which falling asleep is difficult; another in which sleep comes easily but is very quickly disturbed so that the person awakes frequently during the night or exceedingly early in the morning. Drugs should never be taken routinely for this purpose. Sleep may be promoted in a variety of ways. Perhaps it is best that sleep-producing drugs be used only when prescribed and only in the manner of use prescribed and only in the manner of use prescribed by the doctor. A very small dose of a sleep producing drug may start sleep and thereafter the person sleeps well throughout the night.
          Many sleep producing drugs are followed by hangover which seriously interferes with the usual activities.


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