Correction of Common Errors English Learning Lecture No.3 Part-I

 ENGLISH LEARNING     

    Lecture No.3 Part-I    

Noun:

Rule No.1

There are certain nouns which have the same form both in the singular and the plural. They may be used either in the singular or the plural sense without any change (Sheep, Deer, Fish, Piece, Swine, Cod, Trout, Aircraft, Spacecraft, Series, Species, Dozen, Gross, Thousand, Score, Brace, Yoke, Salmon, Stone Weight).

بعض اسموں کی واحد اور جمع شکل ایک ہی ہوتی ہے اور ان کےبعد

  کا اضافہ کرکے جمع بنانا عام طور پر غلط ہوتا ہے۔ مثلاً"S"

1. We get wool from sheeps.                               We get wool from sheep.

2. Fishes live in water.                                         Fish live in water.

3. Here are two pieces for the beggar.                Here are two piece of the beggar.

4. I saw many deers in the zoo.                           I saw many deer in the zoo.

5. I bought three dozens mangoes.                     I bought three dozen mangoes.

6. The car cost me five thousands rupees.          The car cost me five thousand rupees.

7. His age is three scores and ten.                       His age is three score and ten.

8. He has nine braces of birds.                             He has nine brace of birds.

9. There are four yokes of oxen.                           There are four yoke of oxen.

10. He weighs ten stones and a half.                    He weighs ten stone and a half.

نوٹ: اگر کسی اسم سے پہلے تعداد ظاہر کرنے والے الفاظ ہوں یعنی

Numeral Adjectives

بڑھا کر اس کی جمع نہیں بنائی جاتی"S" ہوں تو اس اسم کے ساتھ 

مثلا

جملہ نمبر۳سے ۱۰تک۔

Note:

This deer, These deer. That sheep. Those Sheep. That fish. Those fish. (Rarely fishes). Those salmon.

Note:

It is correct to make the plural of 'pair' as 'pairs' when it is followed by a numeral adjective.

بھی ٹھیک ہے جب اس کے ساتھ تعداد ظاہر کرنے والے الفاظ ہوں۔ مثلاًpairsکی جمعpair

1. I have two pairs of socks.

2. He bought six pairs of trousers.

3. Dragonflies have two pairs of wings.

(General Sense) نوٹ: اگر ہم تعداد اور مقدار ظاہر کرنے والے الفاظ کو عمومی مفہوم 

میں استعمال کریں تو یہ جمع استعمال ہوسکتے ہیں۔ مثلاً

4. Hundreds of men were watching the film.

5. Dozens of eggs were found rotten.

Rule No.2:

Certain nouns are always plural and take a plural verb.

بعض اسم صرف جمع کی صورت میں استعمال ہوتے ہیں اور ان کے بعد فعل بھی جمع ہی استعمال ہوتا ہے۔ مثلاً

(a) Clothes, Police.

(i) I must buy some new clothes: I haven't got anything to wear.

(ii) Clothes are made from various kinds of material.

(iii) The police are running after a thief.

(b) Names of tools and instruments consisting of two parts:

ایسے آلات یا اوزار جن کے دو حصے ہوں۔

Bellows, Binoculars, Glasses, Pliers, Pincers, Scales, Scissors, Shears, Spectacles, Tongs, etc.

1. Bellows are used to blow into a fire.
2. A pair of bellows is used for blowing air into a forge.
3. Binoculars are used for looking at distant objects.
4. He bought a pair of binoculars from the bazar.
5. Where are my glasses? They are on your nose.
6. I need a new pair of glasses.
7. Pliers are used to hold, bend, twist or cut wire.
8. Pincers are used for gripping things or pulling things out.
9. Scales are used to weight things.
10. These scissors are very sharp.
11. I need a pair of scissors for this job.
12. Shears are used to prune the branches of a tree.
13. This pair of shears is blunt.
14. My spectacles are lost.
15. I must get a new pair of spectacles.
16. Tongs are used to mend fire.
17. A pair of silver tongs is used to put lumps of sugar into tea.

(c) Garments or articles of dress consisting of two parts:

Breeches, Drawers, Jeans, Pants, Pyjamas, Socks, Shorts, Trousers, Drawers, etc.

(i) Your jeans are too tight.

(ii) The trousers fit him very well.

Note:

A Pair of Socks:

Use a singular verb with 'pair'. Use a plural verb if you use 'socks' without pair.

(i) This pair of socks is too small.

(ii) These socks are too small.

Follow the same principle when using 'a pair of' with trousers, spectacles, pyjamas, scales, scissors, shorts, pants, tweezers, gloves shoes, etc 

For example:-

1.  (a)  The scissors are not sharp

     (b)  This pair of scissors is not sharp.

2.  (a)  The trousers fit him very well.

     (b)  This pair of trousers is new.

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